Use of non destructive X-Ray Diffraction Analyses

TRACCE no. 5 – by G. Chiari, R. Compagnoni, R. Giustetto


Use of non destructive X-Ray Diffraction Analyses for the study of “Green stone” Artifacts.
X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) was proven to be a very powerful tool for the study of “green stone” Neolithic axes and other artifacts. The amount of material to be sampled can be reduced to a few milligrams, thus making it a quasi-non destructive method.

The geology of the Douro and Côa Valley

Ribeira dos Piscos

TRACCE no. 5 – by José António Bravo Nunez


The geology of the Douro and Côa Valley: general aspects of the rock art areas.
RRegarding the morphostructural units in the Iberian Peninsula, the region of Vila Nova de Foz Côa is part of the Iberian Massif, a fragment of the hercynian block that includes 75% of the peninsular soils, with an altitude of about 600 m above sea level..

Vermelhosa Iron Age rock art

Duelling Iron Age scene

TRACCE no. 5 – by Angelo Fossati


The Iron Age in the Rock Art of Vermelhosa, Portugal.
Besides the figures attributable to the Palaeolithic times there are also petroglyphs that can be dated to the Iron Age (1st Millennium BC). These figures are engraved scratching the rock surface, sometimes with a stone, other times with a metal tool, as it is possible to note from the outlining.

From the Dam to the Park

As gravuras nao sabem nadar

TRACCE no. 5 – by M.S. Abreu, A. Arcà, A. Fossati, L. Jaffe


The Movement to save Côa Valley engraved rocks was started and led by Mila Simões De Abreu and Ludwig Jaffe, and internationally sustained by many Archaeological scholars, Institutions and Universities (Universidad de Alcalà de Henares, Institut of Archaeology London, Université de Poitiers, British Academy, Society for American Archaeology, University of Bristol, Australian Academy of the Humanities, University of New Mexico…).

Côa Valley: the Discovery

The Mazouco horse

TRACCE no. 5 – by M.S. Abreu, A. Arcà, A. Fossati, L. Jaffe


The great importance of Côa Valley Rock Art reached the headlines of the Portuguese and international press in November 1994. Even now it is taking a big place in Portuguese research, where a distinct division has been defined between the so called A.C. (Antes do Côa – before the Côa) and D.C. (Depois do Côa – After the Côa) Archaeology.

Upside Down Kudu

Upside down kudu

TRACCE no. 5 – by Grant S. McCall


Upside Down Kudu. Away from Western Stereotypes
It has become painfully obvious on analysis of most texts concerning rock art that most scholarly interpretations are skewed dramatically by our western views of the world today.